inferential statistics is the answer.
Statistics is the study and manipulation of data, including ways to gather, review, analyze, and draw conclusions from data. The two major areas of statistics are descriptive and inferential statistics.
Inferential statistics use measurements from the sample of subjects in the experiment to compare the treatment groups and make generalizations about the larger population of subjects. There are many types of inferential statistics and each is appropriate for a specific research design and sample characteristics.
The most common methodologies in inferential statistics are hypothesis tests, confidence intervals, and regression analysis.
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