While citing the source in the research paper, "2011" refers to the date/year the source was published.
A “citation” refers to the way a writer or publisher can tell its readers that certain material in the work has been taken from another source. It also gives readers the information that is necessary to locate the actual source with reference of the works Cited page. A citation compulsorily includes a set of parentheses.
There are certain elements to be included while writing the citation:
Author of paper.
Year of publication (in round brackets)
Title of paper (in single quotation marks)
Title of conference proceedings: subtitle (in italics)
Therefore, "2011" refers to the date/year the source was published.
