The wastes would build up in your blood, and can cause serious damage. You can also have serious infections and pain if your kidney is not functioning properly.
Parasitism bc the warbler's young are being displaced which means that the warblers are suffering harm through the loss of their young.
The magnitude of the work done by the electric field of the membrane is <u>W = 1.28 × 10⁻²⁰ Joules</u>.
We start with the necessity to take into account a value for the voltage present there in order to solve this problem by first considering that the membranes have two layers, one internal and one external, each responsible for producing a potential difference between the two levels.
As a result, in order to find a solution, it is necessary to take into account the potential difference between the two surfaces. In this instance, we'll assume a particular value for the load, but the recipient is free to substitute a different value if they prefer.
The product of the potential difference and the charge is used to define the work that an electric field performs. The charge of the potassium ion will be equal to that of its electron, so,
q = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulombs
Then the Work would be:
W = Vq
Here,
v = Potential difference
q = Charge
The 80mV potential difference we will have is quantified as follows:
W = (80mV (1V/1000mV))( 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C)
W = 1.28 × 10⁻²⁰ Joules is the amount of work that the membrane's electric field has produced.
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interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5–16 kDa protein[5] that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body's natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between foreign ("non-self") and "self". IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors, which are expressed by lymphocytes. The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells
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Both animal and plant cells have mitochondria, but only plant cells have chloroplasts. Plants don't get their sugar from eating food, so they need to make sugar from sunlight. Because animals get sugar from the food they eat, they do not need chloroplasts: just mitochondria.
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