Acids and bases determine pH. Acids have pH 0 -7 while bases have pH 7 -14. Enzymes function within a very narrow optimum range of pH.
Different enzymes have different optimum pH values. This is the pH value at which the bonds within them are influenced by H+ and OH- ions in such a way that the shape of their active site is most complementary to the shape of their substrate.
Extreme changes in pH above or below the optimum as caused by strong bases and acids can cause the weak linkages e.g. hydrogen bonds in the enzyme's protein molecules to break permanently resulting in denaturation of the protein and impairing its functions because the enzyme can no longer conform its active site to complement that of its substrate and therefore no reaction can take place.
Answer:
all of these
Explanation:
cytokinesis in animal cells:
occurs after telophase
is accomplished by a ring of contractile fibers
works from the outside inward
A frame shift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotide in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by 3.
Answer:
Playing with litter mates.
Explanation:
Because the other ones are instincts and things that they automatically do once they're born. Hope I helped and have a freakin' amazing day. :D