Question

According to the Black Codes enacted by southern legislatures, Group of answer choices African Americans were guaranteed full and equal civil rights.

Answer 1

A terrible and bloody Civil War freed enslaved Americans. The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution (1868) granted African Americans the right to citizenship.

This did not always translate into the ability to vote. Black voters have systematically turned away from state polling places. To combat this problem, Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870. Yet states still found ways to circumvent the Constitution and prevent blacks from voting. Poll taxes, literacy tests, fraud, and intimidation all turned African Americans away from the polls. Until the Supreme Court struck it down in 1915, many states used the "grandfather clause " to keep descendants of slaves out of elections. The clause said you could not vote unless your grandfather had voted -- an impossibility for most people whose ancestors were slaves.

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