Hi,
The answer is very simple and of basic nature, let us get into the basics.
We have studied since very long that atoms form chemical bonds with other atoms because they want to get stable. They can get stable through octet or duplet rule that means that atoms needs to have two (in the shell nearest to nucleus) and eight electrons in the outer most shell.
So, if an atom already has enough number of electrons that it is obeying octet or duplet rule, it means that the atom is stable. It will tend not to form a chemical bond with other atom by sharing, losing or gaining electrons. Now, the electrons in outer most shell are called valence electrons and they are distributed in sub-energy levels, s and p respectively. S orbital can accommodate only two electrons, while P can accommodate 6 electrons, d can accommodate 10 electrons while f orbital can accommodate 14 electrons. So, we can say that the bond formation is the most important property of an atom and it is strongly effected by number of electrons in an energy level.
In addition, number of electrons in outer most shell also effect many other properties of an atom like shielding or screening effect, metallic or non-metallic nature that also effects the chemical bonding of atoms. Since, metallic nature of an atom is due to its ability to lose outermost shell's electrons. Therefore, the whole phenomenon of chemical bonding is linked with number of electrons in outer most shell.
Hope it helps!
Ecosystem should be correct sorry if I am wrong
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Golgi apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores and modifies (might include addition of sugar groups) proteins and lipids for certain functions and prepare them for transport to other parts of the cell.
In the Endoplasmic reticulum, proteins fold into into their correct shape. Some of them are transported to the Golgi apparatus in membrane vesicles. Some proteins need to do their jobs in the Golgi (they are said to be Golgi-resident). They are transported from the golgi appratus to their final destinations through a secretory pathway. It involves sorting proteins into different kinds of transport vesicles, which emanate from the trans Golgi network and deliver their contents to the appropriate cellular locations.
Proteins that are membrane embedded are conveyed to the plasma membrane (integral membrane proteins) by constitutive secretion. Proteins can divert from constitutive secretion pathway and be targeted towards other destinations such as lysosomes (as lysosomal proteins) and regulated secretion from cells (to the cell exterior).
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Describe two effects of insecticide use on the forest ecosystem other than the intended reduction of moths to protect the trees.
1. Insecticides when sprayed on a certain areas or spots can be blown by the wind to other areas or flow with rain water into nearby streams or local water bodies or seep through the soil into ground water. This is called indirect application or secondary poisoning,
2. Insecticides can affect the food chain because they reduce the biomass of primary consumers and there is is less food available to secondary consumers which eat poisoned plants or prey those who have been exposed to pesticides.
Insecticides can travel great distances through the environment and they can also flow with rain water into streams so fish can be directly or indirectly impacted by pesticides. The phenomenon of nutrient enrichment of aquatic bodies is known as eutrophication, which deteriorate the water quality leading to death of fish. Some long-term exposures cause abnormalities or mutations in developing fish larvae, while acute exposure can cause immediate fish die-offs. The liver, kidney, brain and gills of exposed fish are extremely vulnerable to chemical exposure.
