Answer:
B. A proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase.
Explanation:
Light reaction of photosynthesis includes the splitting of water in the presence of sunlight and electron transfer from PSII to PSI via an electron transport system. During the transfer of electron through cytochrome of the electron transport system, the proton concentration gradient is generated across thylakoids. The proton concentration gradient is harvested to drive ADP phosphorylation by the catalytic site of ATP synthase accompanied by downhill movement protons through its proton channels.
These factors are essential for the growth and life span of the population of species in an ecosystem. The larger the space, the more light it obtains, and the more food the area produces; the larger the population of species in an ecosystem. having less space, light, and food, the results would be vice versa.
Abiotic features are not living. they may play a role in helping biotic creatures live, but them theirselves do not live.
Answer: A double restriction digest
Explanation: A double restriction digest is a process were two restriction enzymes are used to digest DNA in a single reaction.in double restriction digest you will observe two bands,while in single restriction digest you will observe just one band. In double restriction digest no
Self - ligating plasmid because it create mismatch ends. It also aids in directional in section while single disgestion you have to screen your clones to be sure to get your plasmid with correct insert orientation.
The external cell membrane. Even organisms as simple as bacteria have a cell membrane.
Prokaryotes do not have internal membranes but they still have external membranes.
Everything living thing has a cell membrane
