The odds ratio for birds having long beaks being able to fly against birds not having long beaks being able to fly is 3.76.
<h3>What is an odds ratio?</h3>
An odds ratio is a measure of the strength of an association with the exposure and outcome.
The odds ratio can be calculated by dividing the odds of the first group (exposure) by the odds of the second group (outcome).
Flies Does not fly Total
Long beak 11 7 19
Not a long beak 3 13 15
Total 14 20 34
Probability of long beaks flying = 0.79 (1/14)
Probability of not having long beaks flying = 0.21 (3/14)
Odds ratio = 3.76 (0.79/0.21)
Thus, the odds ratio for birds having long beaks being able to fly against birds not having long beaks being able to fly is 3.76, showing greater odds of association.
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Complete question
Researchers wanted to study if having a long beak is related to flight in birds. They surveyed a total of 34 birds. The data are shown in the contingency table below. What is the odds ratio for birds having long beaks being able to fly against birds not having long beaks being able to fly? Round your answer to two decimal places.
Long beakNot a long beakTotalFlies11719Does not fly31315Total142034
