A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modifiedsuperparamagneticnanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitiveimmunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorialfrequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencingfactors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmationassays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
<span>Errors during mitosis. Mitosis is strictly used for growth and replacement of cells within the organism itself in animals, as traits are passed on via cell division by meiosis.</span>
The pressure exerted by the earth's atmosphere at any given point. Pressure caused by the weight of the air. It is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth. Also known as barometric pressure.
The Law of Equal Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles at a gene locus segregate from each other; each gamete has an equal probability of containing either allele.