Question

The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to: Group of answer choices increase the refractory period. increase the heart rate and decrease myocardial contractility. decrease calcium influx. decrease heart rate and increase the strength of myocardial contraction.

Answer 1

The effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the heart is to increase heart rate and myocardial contractility.

In the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), as the sympathetic stimulation increases, the heart rate also decreases along with the force of contraction.

The heart rate increases because of the release of hormones catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine whereas the force of contraction increases because of a higher end-systolic volume [ESV] which requires a forceful heart contraction to pump more blood out of the ventricle which will decrease the ESV value.

The end-systolic volume [ESV] is the amount of blood that remains in a ventricle after a contraction (systole) which is to be maintained at around 50 mL of blood.

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