You could either:
a) Use the Pythagorean Theorem
b) Use Sine/Cosine/Tangent Inverse to find one of the angles, and then use that angle to find x.
Equation of a line is given by y - y1 = m(x - x1) where m is the slope and (x1, y1) is any point on the line.
y - (-2) = 4(x - 3)
y + 2 = 4x - 12
y = 4x - 12 - 2
y = 4x - 14
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So,, there are 5 different flavors. A total of 180 people were asked. Hence, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference is that every flavor gets 180/5=36 flavors. x^2=
![\sum{\frac{(x_i)^2}{m_i}}-n](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Csum%7B%5Cfrac%7B%28x_i%29%5E2%7D%7Bm_i%7D%7D-n)
. In this case, mi is the proportion of the hypothesis, thus 36, n=180 and xi is the number of actual observations. Substituting the known quantities, we get that x^2=9. The degree of association is given by
![\sqrt{X^2}/ \sqrt{N(n-1)}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5Csqrt%7BX%5E2%7D%2F%20%5Csqrt%7BN%28n-1%29%7D)
. This yields around 0.10, much higher than our limit.
The pattern is:
( a - b )² = a² - 2 a b + b² ( square of last term of binomial - the missing term)
x² - 2 · 8 · x + 8² = x² - 16 x + 64 = ( x - 8 )²
The missing term is: 64