Question

Which explanation is most likely for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole

Answer 1

Founder effect is most likely for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole.

In population genetics, the basic effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is founded by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. As a result of the loss of genetic variation, the new population may differ significantly, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which it originates. In extreme cases, the founder effect is thought to lead to speciation and the subsequent evolution of new species The founder effect is a form of genetic drift. This is a phenomenon in which a new population is derived from a small isolated group of individuals. The new population is genetically different from the parent populations. The founder effect can arise from cultural isolation. For example, the Amish population in the United States exhibits a founder effect because it grew from very few founders, they do not have any newcomers, and tends to marry within the same community.

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