Question

Cholera toxin locks the Gs subunit into an active state, in that GTP is bound and cannot be hydrolyzed back to GDP to turn off the subunit. What effect will cholera toxin have in the cell

Answer 1

Cholera toxin locks the G-subunit into an active state, in that GTP is bound and cannot be hydrolyzed back to GDP to turn off the subunit. This leads to a subsequent activation and increase in adenylate cyclase inside the cell. This increases the level of cAMP which leads to cytolysis of the cell.

The cholera toxin is released from a bacteria known as vibrio cholera. This bacteria is gram-negative and releases this toxin into the body which leads to manifestations like vomiting, increased heartbeat, watery diarrhea, cramps in the muscles and a low blood pressure. When this toxin is released into the body. The toxin  activates adenylate cyclase and increases its level. This in turn increases the level of cAMP. This initiates a signaling cascade which effects the osmotic pressure of the cell. This leads to subsequent cytolysis of the cell.

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