The genetic material inherited in an organelle, such as a mitochondrion or a chloroplast, exhibits Extranuclear inheritance.
When DNA in cytoplasmic organelles is handed on to offspring, extranuclear inheritance occurs. Cytoplasm can be found in both sperm and ovum cells in humans. Most of the extranuclear DNA formed when the sperm and ovum combine belongs to the mother. The organelles in the fertilized cell expand and divide as the fertilized egg grows. As a result, each new cell receives mtDNA, which likewise divides and is passed on. As a result, each child inherits mtDNA from the mother. The identical procedure takes place in creatures with cells that contain chloroplasts.
Nuclear DNA differs greatly from extranuclear inheritance in several ways.
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria both store several copies of DNA. Additionally, the cytoplasm of every cell contains a number of each organelle, occasionally thousands.
- In a cell's cytoplasm, chloroplasts and mitochondria are dispersed at random. There is a random distribution of amount in both daughter cells after cell division, whether it be through mitosis or meiosis.
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Explanation:
In a eukaryotic cell, almost all transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs mainly at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In addition, before the primary transcript can leave the nucleus it is modified in various ways during RNA processing before the finished mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm.
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