Answer:
Explanation:
Pharmacophore (pharmacology) - The molecular framework responsible for a drug's biological activity. According to IUPAC — A pharmacophore is the ensemble of steric and electronic features that is necessary to ensure the optimal supramolecular interactions with a specific biological target structure and to trigger (or to block) its biological response.
Privileged structures are defined as molecular frameworks which are able of providing useful ligands for more than one type of receptor or enzyme target by judicious structural modifications.
1) The 1,4-dihydropyridine ring is present in many biologically important molecules that acts as an important scaffold for cardiovascular drug - a calcium antagonists and although it is technically not considered as a pharmacophore, it is considered as a privileged structure.
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP), belongs to the class of calcium antagonist that inhibits the influx of extracellular Ca+2 through the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.
A positional substitution in the 4-position is feasible in the heterocyclic ring which in turn culminates in various calcium channel antagonist activities and this heterocyclic ring is the common feature for various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic activity,
antihypertensive, antianginal, antitumor, antitubercular activity and antithrombotic .
Position on the heterocyclic ring binds to the L-type channel and also to N-type channel on membranes.
2.) The bioisosteres are not a suitable bioisostere for the traditional C-4 aryl or heteroaryl substitution which is necessary for calcium ion blockage thereby inhibiting it to function with the mechanism shared above.
Answer:
The cells belong to the tissue level of organization
Explanation:
Living organisms are composed of four levels of organization; the cell, tissues, organs and organ systems.
The cell is the basic unit of life and the smallest level of organization.
Tissues are group of cells with a common origin which work together to perform a similar function.
Organs are composed of different types of tissues and perform various complex functions. in the organism.
Organ systems are groups of organs that perform similar functions or which work together for a specific function.
A plant leaf is an organ which is made up of various tissues such as the dermal, vascular and ground tissues.
The dermal cells known as the epidermis belong to the tissue level of organization as they perform a similar function of protecting against mechanical injury and invasion by microorganisms
Answer:
(B) None of the answers are true...
Explanation:
(A) is wrong because the high levels of epinephrine promote activation of sympathetic nervous system that'll ultimately increase oxygen consumption.
(C) Elevated temperatures of body require immediate cooling that's why breathing rate gets high and ultimately the oxygen consumption.
(D) We all know that a vigorous dose of exercise always increases your bodies oxygen consumption.
<span>Comparative embryology is the study which determines the organisms that have the same and almost identical embryo development.
---
While, comparative morphology is the scientific study of organisms where their structures, physical entities and elements are identified to be similar or dissimilar. Using only simple basis of empirical observation, a scientist can detect whether two animals are of the same family or not.</span>
South American Tropical Rainforest is where you would find the greatest variety of species.
