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Mumz [18]
1 year ago
11

Protein kinase a, which stimulates glycogen degradation, is activated directly by?

Biology
1 answer:
BigorU [14]1 year ago
4 0

Protein kinase a, which stimulates glycogen degradation, is activated directly bym cyclic AMP.

<h3>What is glycogen?</h3>
  • Animals, fungi, and bacteria all use the multibranched polysaccharide of glucose known as glycogen to store energy.
  • The primary form of glucose storage in the body is represented by the polysaccharide structure.
  • Our cells primarily use glucose as fuel.
  • The liver and muscles store the glucose when the body doesn't need to use it for energy.
  • Glycogen is the name given to this form of glucose that is stored and is composed of several linked glucose molecules.
  • Although only liver glycogen directly contributes to the release of glucose into the circulation, maintaining a healthy blood glucose concentration is one of glycogen's key functions.
  • The body uses glycogen as a major energy reserve.
  • For instance, liver glycogen controls homeostasis and blood sugar levels.
  • On the other hand, muscle glycogen aids in physical exercise by allowing skeletal muscles to contract.

Learn more about glycogen here:

brainly.com/question/4303062

#SPJ4

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1. The increase in the reproductive success of a species will have the greatest impact on<br> the-
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DNA Polymerase helps copy a DNA molecule during the process of what?
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The DNA polymerases are enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential to DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from one original DNA molecule. During this process, DNA polymerase “reads” the existing DNA strands to create two new strands that match the existing ones.

Every time a cell divides, DNA polymerase is required to help duplicate the cell’s DNA, so that a copy of the original DNA molecule can be passed to each of the daughter cells. In this way, genetic information is transmitted from generation to generation.

Before replication can take place, an enzyme called helicase unwinds the DNA molecule from its tightly woven form. This opens up or “unzips” the double stranded DNA to give two single strands of DNA that can be used as templates for replication.

DNA polymerase adds new free nucleotides to the 3’ end of the newly-forming strand, elongating it in a 5’ to 3’ direction. However, DNA polymerase cannot begin the formation of this new chain on its own and can only add nucleotides to a pre-existing 3'-OH group. A primer is therefore needed, at which nucleotides can be added. Primers are usually composed of RNA and DNA bases and the first two bases are always RNA. These primers are made by another enzyme called primase.

Although the function of DNA polymerase is highly accurate, a mistake is made for about one in every billion base pairs copied. The DNA is therefore “proofread” by DNA polymerase after it has been copied so that misplaced base pairs can be corrected. This preserves the integrity of the original DNA strand that is passed onto the daughter cells.



A surface representation of human DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a central enzyme in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Image Credit: niehs.nih.gov

Structure of DNA polymerase

The structure of DNA polymerase is highly conserved, meaning their catalytic subunits vary very little from one species to another, irrespective of how their domains are structured. This highly conserved structure usually indicates that the cellular functions they perform are crucial and irreplaceable and therefore require rigid maintenance to ensure their evolutionary advantage.

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