RNA splicing was first discovered in 1970s in viruses and subsequently in eukaryotes. Not long after, scientists discovered alternative patterns of pre-mRNA splicing that produced different mature mRNAs containing various combinations of exons from a single precursor mRNA. The first example of alternative splicing of a cellular gene in eukaryotes was identified in the IgM gene, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene. This mechanism increases the informational diversity and functional capacity of a gene during post-transcriptional processing and provides an opportunity for gene regulation
Nitrogen in gaseous amount is 78% which is present in atmosphere. It has to be combined with other elements, or fixed, in order to be used by plants. Lightning is one way fixation of atmospheric nitrogen because when lightning occurs, the extreme heat melts the nitrogen molecules bond, allowing nitrogen to combine with oxygen and form nitrogen oxides.
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What is atmosphere?</h3>
An atmosphere is referred to a layers of gases which envelope a planet, and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body.
By a series of microbial transformations nitrogen is made available to plants, which in turn ultimately sustain all animal life.
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To make a clone, scientists transfer the DNA from an animal's somatic cell into an egg cell that has had its nucleus and DNA removed. The egg develops into an embryo that contains the same genes as the cell donor. Then the embryo is implanted into an adult female's uterus to growCloning of human cells is a technology that holds the potential to cure many diseases and provide a source of exactly matched transplant tissues and organs. One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Mendel crossed the dominant purple colour flowered plant with the recessive white colour flowered plant. The F 1 generation produced the heterozygous purple colour flowered (Pp) plants. When two heterozygous pea plants (Pp) are crossed in the F2 generation represented by Pp x Pp, the gametes formed are P and p. Out of the offspring produced, 3 are purple colour flowered plants and 1 is white colour flowered plant. Thus the phenotypic ratio is 3: 1 with one out of four plants being white colour flowered pea plant. When expressed in percentage it is 25%.
