This paper identifies evolving trends in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and recommends the integration of nursing strategies in COPD management via widespread implementation of electronic health records. COPD is a complex lung disease with diverse origins, both physical and behavioral, manifested in a wide range of symptoms that further increase the patient’s risk for comorbidities. Early diagnosis and effective management of COPD require monitoring of a dizzying array of COPD symptoms over extended periods of time, and nurses are especially well positioned to manage potential progressions of COPD, as frontline health care providers who obtain, record, and organize patient data. Developments in medical technology greatly aid nursing management of COPD, from the deployment of spirometry as a diagnostic tool at the family practice level to newly approved treatment options, including non-nicotine pharmacotherapies that reduce the cravings associated with tobacco withdrawal. Among new medical technologies, electronic health records have proven particularly advantageous in the management of COPD, enabling providers to gather, maintain, and reference more patient data than has ever been possible before. Thus, consistent and widespread implementation of electronic health records facilitates the coordination of diverse treatment strategies, resulting in increased positive health outcomes for patients with COPD.
Conclusions
COPD patients can be sub-classified into groups with differing risk factors, comorbidities, and prognosis, based on data included in their primary care records. The identified clusters confirm findings of previous clustering studies and draw attention to anxiety and depression as important drivers of the disease in young, female patients.
Answer:
Feudalism
Explanation:
Feudalism was the leading way of political and economic life in the Medieval era. Monarchs, like kings and queens, maintained control and power by the support of other powerful people called lords. Lords were always men who owned extravagant homes, called manors, and estates in the country
Answer:
Quadratus lumborum
Explanation:
Quadratus lumborum, commonly known as back muscle is a posterior abdominal wall muscle. The shape of the muscle is irregular as well as quadrilateral and broader below than above and is the the deepest abdominal muscle.
<u>The muscle originates by the aponeurotic fibers into iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest for about 5 centimeters . It then inserts from the lower border of last rib (rib 12) for about the half of it's length and also by the four small tendons from apices of transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae. (L1-L4).</u>
Oxygen consumption after exercise (during recovery) is always elevated above resting levels, regardless of the exercise intensity, this is known as EPOC.
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption is referred to as EPOC. Following cardiovascular activity, there is an increase in oxygen utilization throughout this time of recuperation. It can be defined as the additional oxygen consumption during recovery over what would typically be seen during rest.
The resupply of CrP and ATP, the metabolism (i.e., conversion of lactate to pyruvate), and hormone recovery are a few elements that affect EPOC. Additionally, the body needs the higher oxygen demand during this recovery time to assist in returning the elevated body temperature, heart rate, and breathing to their pre-exercise levels.
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