Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
<h2><u><em>AIDS epidemic Russia</em></u></h2>
The number of people living with HIV in Russia now exceeds 1 million, according to official statistics. Most experts say the true figure is likely to be at least 1.5 million — around 1 percent of the total population of 146 million — because many people are unaware of their HIV-positive status.
Answer:
The given numbers 19400,125370 and 3000000 are divisible by 2, 5 and 10. Since, it follows all rules of 2, 5 and 10.
Explanation:
hop0e this helps....
Organ rejection takes place when your body is subjected to a new organ which is a foreign object and attacks it.
<h3>What do you mean by Graft rejection?</h3>
Graft rejection may be defined as a process in which a transplant recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue.
Xenograft shows high rejection. This is because it involves the transplantation between genetically distinct members of different species.
The process of organ rejection is initiated by T cells which perform the role of the recognization of a transplanted organ.
If these T cells are activated, it may lead to organ rejection by undergoing clonal expansion, and differentiation of the effector cells, which together lead to the obliteration of the tissues.
Therefore, organ rejection takes place when your body is subjected to a new organ which is a foreign object, and attacks it.
To learn more about Organ rejection, refer to the link:
brainly.com/question/1313114
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Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
The rest of the body
