Question

If heat is transferred from a system to its surroundings and the surroundings do work on the system, the sign of q will be _____, and the sign of w will be _____.

Answer 1

If heat is transferred from a system to its surroundings and the surroundings do work on the system, the sign of q will be negative, and the sign of w will be positive.  

By convention, q is negative because energy is transmitted from the system (the gas) to the surroundings. In this instance, heat is transferred from the system to the environment, which decreases the gas' internal energy by 144 J, despite work being done on it to increase its internal energy.

Negative work, as a matter of convention, happens when a system makes changes to the environment. When a gas performs work, its volume grows and the work performed is negative ( V > 0 Delta text V>0 V>0delta, start text, V, end text, is larger than 0).

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