Mature adults lose about 2.5 to 3 liters of water per day.
In humans the average water loss by diffusion through the skin is about 300 to 400 ml/day, and an approximately equal amount is lost through the respiratory tract. The combined total of 600–800 ml/day represents 30–50% of all water loss, depending on the level of water intake.
The kidneys can remove 20–28 liters of water per day, but they cannot excrete more than 0.8 to 1.0 liters per hour. Drinking more than this can be harmful. Obligatory urine volume is limited by the concentrating power of the kidneys, but it can vary from 250 to 1400 ml per day depending on diet. Urine volume is usually 700 ml per day, but a high-protein diet demands more obligatory water to excrete the osmotically active products of protein metabolism.
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