African americans lost many of the rights gained during reconstruction by the late 1800s because of intervention by the federal government.
In the Reconstruction period following the Civil War, newly freed African Americans faced monumental challenges to establish their own households, farm their own lands, establish community institutions and churches, and to pursue equal justice under the law in a period of racist violence. Under the Reconstruction Acts, black men in southern states could vote and hold office for the first time. They served as delegates to state constitutional conventions and replaced the Black Codes with new laws that protected civil rights and established public education for all children. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, however, Southern legislatures passed poll taxes to keep African Americans from voting.
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