The 2 main components of the internal energy of a substance are:
The internal energy is a sum of kinetic and potential energy.
E_k (total)=E_k(translational) + E_k(rotational) + E _k(vibrational)
Internal energy is the microscopic energy contained in a substance, given by the random, disordered kinetic energy of the molecules. Further it includes the potential energy between those molecules, and the nuclear power contained in the atoms of those molecules.
The internal energy of a system is extensive property. it's a state property. The exchange is independent of the path followed. Change in internal energy of a cyclic process is 0.
Internal energy is affected by factors including pressure, volume, and temperature. All the variables on this listing are state functions.
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