Answer:
the mass number is the number of protons and neutrons added and the average atomic mass is the weight of the protons and neutrons
No, Matter cannot be created nor deastroyed.
Answer: Volume of CO2 is 89127 mL
Explanation: The reaction that takes place is: C2H2 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
The amount of C2H2 that react allow us to predict the amount of CO2 that will be obtained

26g/1mol is molar mass of C2H2 and 2/4 is the molar relation between CO2 and C2H2 in this reaction. Canceling units, at the end mol of CO2 are obtained
Now with the moles of CO2 and the ideal gases equation is possible to calculate the volumen occupied by the gas.
PV = RnT where P: pressure, V: volume, R: ideal gas constant, n: moles and T: temperature expressed in K (add 273,15 to °C temperature: 37,4°C + 273,15 = 310,55K)
V= RnT/P

To express volume in mL multiply the L result by 1000 which equals 89127 mL
It's hard to relate a mole to carbon or sulfur. Imagine if I walked up to you and said, "What's the relation between a dozen and donuts?"
A mole is a form of measurement for atoms, more specifically, 6.02 * 10^23 atoms. I suppose you could relate it to Carbon or Sulfur, since the number of atoms of each are usually measured in moles.
Carbon and Sulfur don't have a set number of moles (Just like donuts don't have to be a dozen), so it's hard to answer your second question.
In the atomic table, the number you see under the element is the molar mass, which is the weight of an a mole of the element. In this way, I guess there's a mole of Carbon and Sulfur present, if we're looking at the periodic table.
-T.B.