Some hydrocarbons are regarded as unsaturated because they contain double or triple bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.
<h3>What are hydrocarbons?</h3>
Hydrocarbons are any organic compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon in its structure.
Hydrocarbons can be grouped into the following based on whether they contain single or double bonds:
- Saturated hydrocarbons - contain only single bonds e.g. alkanes
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons - contain double and triple bonds e.g. alkenes
Therefore, it can be said that some hydrocarbons are regarded as unsaturated because they contain double or triple bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.
Learn more about hydrocarbons at: brainly.com/question/17578846
<span>The high-energy electron travels down an electron transport chain, losing energy as it goes.
Some of the released energy drives pumping of </span><span><span>\text H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions from the stroma into the thylakoid interior, building a gradient.
</span><span><span>H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions from the splitting of water also add to the gradient.
</span><span><span> H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions flow down their gradient and into the stroma, they pass through ATP synthase, driving ATP production in a process known as </span>chemiosmosis<span>.</span>
Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
Hence the mass defect is;
[235.04393 + 1.00867] - [ 136.92532 + 96.91095 + 2(1.00867)]
= 236.0526 - 235.85361
= 0.19899 amu
Since 1 amu = 1.66 * 10^-27 Kg
0.19899 amu = 0.19899 * 1.66 * 10^-27 = 3.3 * 10^-28 Kg
Binding energy = Δmc^2
Binding energy = 3.3 * 10^-28 Kg * (3 * 10^8)^2 = 2.97 * 10^-11 J
ii) 
Hence the mass defect is;
[10.01294 + 1.00867] - [7.01600 + 4.00260]
= 11.02161 - 11.0186
= 0.00301 amu
Since 1 amu = 1.66 * 10^-27 Kg
0.00301 amu = 0.00301 * 1.66 * 10^-27 = 4.997 * 10^-30 Kg
Binding energy = Δmc^2
Binding energy = 4.997 * 10^-30 Kg * (3 * 10^8)^2 = 4.5 * 10^-13 J
