Answer:
Glycocalyx
Explanation:
Glycocalyx is carbohydrate rich (glycoprotein + glycolipid) coating that is found in outer surface of cell membrane of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells specially bacteria.
Glycoprotein=Carbohydrate + Protein
Glycolipids= Carbohydrate + Lipids
Glycocalyx provied a barrier between cell and its surrounding, adhesion and provide protection in bacteria. In eukaryotes it can be used to identify cells.
Answer:
At least 17 PCR cycles or 16 PCR cycles
Explanation:
As we know -
In one chain of heating and cooling of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the strands of DNA gets doubled.
The general mathematical representation of this is
where "n" is the number of PCR cycles.
It is given that DNA strands to be produced is 16 times the original quantity of DNA.
So the PCR cycle must be carried out at least 17 times in order to have DNA strand not less than 16 times the original quantity of DNA
<span>From a nucleic acid code to an amino acid code</span>
Answer:
evolution of life on Earth
Explanation:
Life began on Earth at least 3.5 to 4 billion years ago, and it has been evolving ever since. At first, all living things on Earth were simple, single-celled organisms. Much later, the first multicellular organisms evolved, and after that, Earth's biodiversity greatly increased.
<span>
are always unicellular
may have evolved from prokaryotes
</span><span>are more primitive than prokaryotes
</span>
