Answer:
1. P120 is degraded in the 26S proteasome
2. The 26S proteasome has a major role in protein degradation and is critical for protein homeostasis
3. Cell cycle and DNA replication are cellular processes regulated by the Ras and NFkB pathways
Explanation:
The proliferation-associated nucleolar protein (p120) is a protein known to be expressed during the interphase of the cell cycle, specifically in G1 and early S phase, where any problem with DNA replication trigger a checkpoint, i.e., a molecular cascade of signaling events that suspend DNA replication until the problem is resolved. In mammalian cells, the 26S proteasome is responsible for catalyzing protein degradation of about 80% (or even more) of their proteins. The 26S proteasome acts to degrade rapidly misfolded and regulatory proteins involved in the cell cycle, thereby having a major role in protein homeostasis and in the control of cellular processes. It is for that reason that inhibitors that block 26S proteasome function have shown to be useful as therapeutic agents in diseases associated with the failure of protein degradation mechanisms (e.g., multiple myeloma). The NF-κB are highly conserved transcription factors capable of regulating different cellular processes including, among others, cellular growth, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK pathway is able to transduce different signals received on the cell surface to the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK pathway is activated when a singling molecule binds to a cell receptor which triggers a signaling cascade that ends when a transcription factor induces the expression of target genes, ultimately producing a response in the cell (for example, the progression through the cell cycle).
A punnet square is used to visually see the dominant and recessive traits. Mendel's law says that alleles pair independently during the formation of gametes (aka sex cells). This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.
The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. Memory B cells of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again.
In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. These cells develop within germinal centres of the secondary lymphoid organs.
Memory B cells circulate in the blood stream in a quiescent state, sometimes for decades. Their function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
Memory B cells have B cell receptors (BCRs) on their cell membrane, identical to the one on their parent cell, that allow them to recognize antigen and mount a specific antibody response.
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Hello!
Natural selection is the way that animals evolve.
The theory of natural selection is that the animals that do not have a specific trait to survive in their environment will die. The animals that do have the trait will survive. The animals that survive will then pass the trait down to their offspring, who will also likely survive because they have the trait. This is how species evolve and continue to survive in their environment.
The species evolve because only the fittest survive (this is known as "survival of the fittest"). The animals that do not have the needed traits will die and they cannot have offspring.
I hope this helps answer your question! Have a great day!
