Cells clump together during a process called agglutination as a result of the accumulation of antigens and antibodies.
Immune complexes are created when soluble antigens are brought together by the appropriate antibody molecules, and they become visible when they are big enough to precipitate out of the solution.
The interaction between antibody molecules and the associated antigen molecules causes both agglutination and precipitation processes.
Agglutination, on the other hand, is the clumping of cells that occurs when one antibody binds several antigens at once.
Contrarily, precipitation occurs when soluble antigens and soluble antibodies interact to form a clear, insoluble substance known as the precipitate.
Agglutination takes place when a target antigen, also known as isoagglutinin, interacts with a corresponding antibody in the presence of an electrolyte at the right temperature and pH, leading to the development of apparent clumps or aggregates.
Precipitation happens when an electrolyte, an antigen, and a soluble antigen interact at the right temperature and pH to create cross-links or precipitates that sink to the bottom of the solution.
