B- Reproducing more often. If the environment is not right for them then reproduction doesn’t help them adapt. They respond by changing behavior, moving to another area, and even modifying their physical bodies (diets included).
Species evolve independently possibly due to geographical isolations or behavioural isolations.
Geographical isolation includes the isolation of 2 groups of the same species. Since these 2 groups live in different locations, (e.g. a volcanic eruption resulting in a barrier between one side of an ocean and another side of the ocean), they will have different selection pressures in their different environments as well (e.g. one side of the ocean may have more sunlight and thus more underwater plantations than the other side of the ocean). Natural selection will eliminate those with disadvantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes that only eat plants and nothing else on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with unfavourable alleles, and select for those with advantageous characteristics (e.g. Fishes are able to eat plants and other organic substances as well on the side of the ocean with little plantations) with favourable alleles.
Since the 2 groups have different selection pressures, natural selection will occur in different ways, selecting for and against different types of fishes with different types of alleles. Also, because of the barrier, they are not able to mate with each other, and there are no mixing of genes from one side of the ocean and the other side. They are genetically isolated. As genetic drift occurs over time, their gene pools become different from each other. Thus, they evolve independently.
Hope this helps! :)
Answer:
The Mitral/Bicuspid Valve
Explanation:
The heart is composed of 4 chambers: left and right atria, and left and right ventricles. The “right heart” (right atrium and ventricle) receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation through the Vena Cava, and impels this blood towards the lungs through the Pulmonary Arteries where it will be oxygenated. The “left heart” (left atrium and left ventricle) receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation through the Pulmonary veins and impels this blood towards the systemic circulation through the Aorta artery.
The systemic and pulmonary circuits work in series, and maintaining the unidirectional course of the blood flow is very important. This can be done by the presence of fibrous valves that are present between the atrium and the ventricles, and in between the ventricles and the Pulmonary/Aorta artery.
The location of these structures are as follows:
Systemic circulation ⇒ Right Atrium → [Tricuspid Valve] → Right Ventricle → [Pulmonary Valve] → Pulmonary Artery ⇒ Pulmonary circulation
Pulmonary circulation ⇒ Left Atrium → [Mitral/Bicuspid Valve] → Left Ventricle → [Aortic Valve] → Aorta ⇒ Systemic circulation
Carrier proteins are the proteins in active transport
