Not all instances of computer theft and computer fraud fall under existing statues because the property stolen may be intangible.
The computer fraud and abuse act of 1986 (CFAA) is a United States cybersecurity bill that was enacted in 1986 as an amendment to existing computer fraud law which had been included in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. The law prohibits accessing a computer without authorization, or in excess of authorization. Prior to computer-specific criminal laws, computer crimes were prosecuted as mail and wire fraud, but the applying law was often insufficient.
The CFAA was written to extend existing tort law to intangible property, while, in theory, limiting federal jurisdiction to cases with a compelling federal interest, where computers of the federal government or certain financial institutions are involved or where the crime itself is interstate in nature.
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