Question

Why are action potentials usually conducted in one direction? A. The nodes of Ranvier conduct potentials in one direction. B. The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated sodium channels. C. The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon. D. Voltage-gated channels for both Na⁺ and K⁺ open in only one direction.

Answer 1

The correct option is B

Action potentials are usually conducted in one direction because the brief refractory period prevents the reopening of voltage-gated sodium channels.

The action potentials move in one direction because the sodium channels possess a refractory period following an activation, during which they are unable to open again. This ensures whether the action potential is propagated in a particular direction along the axon.

When an ATP binds to myosin it can separate the actin of the myofibril, which causes a muscle contraction and is triggered by calcium ions binding to the protein complex called troponin, where the active-binding sites on the actin are exposed.

ATP then binds with myosin which moves to its high-energy state and releases the myosin head from the actin site. Muscles always do not respond to the stimulus because of lactic acid production and fatigue. This period is called the refractory period which prevents the reopening of voltage-gated sodium channels.

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