From the sixth century B.C. onward, guilds progressively increased in importance in the economy. They formed an important component of the organization of manufacturing. The vast majority of artisans joined guilds since it was challenging for them to compete against other guilds on an individual basis. Due to the rising demand for certain commodities and the ensuing need to increase their productivity, several guilds started using hired labor and slaves.
Leading guilds included those for carpenters, metal workers, and potters. One wealthy potter named Sadalaputta had 500 potters' shops, which gives an idea of their scale. In addition, he had his own distribution and maintained a vast fleet of boats that transported ceramics from studios to other locations along the Ganges. The big guilds expanded much further as trade and commerce increased.
To protect both the artisan and the buyer, the guild established standards for work, product quality, and price. The prices of manufactured goods were likewise governed by guilds, and these were either based on the caliber of the job or were determined using a predetermined scale.
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