Vichy Government
The government was based from the southern french spa town of Vichy. It was a term of surrender following the German invasion of France, the Germans controlled northern france including Paris.
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The Civil War started because Abraham Lincoln was against slavery even though he had slaves and plus it also happened because of him signing the Ammendment of being against slavery even though he still had slaves.
I'm pretty sure (1) Trade with Asia is right because the plague was carried by rats on ships coming from the East to the West.
Also, you can guess by the dates. The Black Death was in the 12th and 13th centuries, while conquest of Japan and exploration of the Western Hemisphere were in the 14th century.
The statement is - Delta.
The Nile River creates a large delta before its entry into the Mediterranean Sea, on the northern part of the territory of Egypt. Because the river is becoming very slow in this part, large amount of debris that it carries with it are deposited on its sides, thus limiting the space for the water to pass through. The waters of the Nile started to branch out in order to continue their flow, and this gradually led to a triangular shaped area of deposits with multiple branches of the river between them, known as delta.