A spirit of reform that included scientific studies of human behavior and abilities that could be used to address problems of living in the chaotic conditions of urban life and in work environments that were much less than desirable occurred as a result of the rise of industrialism.
Settlement homes and religious and civic organizations tried to offer some support to working-class city dwellers through free health care, training, and leisure opportunities. still, for city citizens, lifestyles within the town was chaotic and challenging. But how that chaos manifested and how relief was sought differed greatly, depending on where humans were in the social caste—the running class, the higher magnificence, or the newly emerging professional center class—in addition to the aforementioned issues of race and ethnicity. While many groups found existence in the largest American towns disorganized and overwhelming, the ways they spoke back these challenges have been as various because the those who lived there. huge answers emerged that were typically class specific: The rise of gadget politics and popular culture furnished relief to the running class, higher education opportunities and suburbanization benefitted the professional middle class, and reminders in their elite status gave comfort to the upper class. And everyone, no matter where they fell within the class system, benefited from the efforts to improve the physical landscapes of the fast-growing urban environment.
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