Question

Within absorptive columnar cells re-synthesized triglycerides are incorporated into ______ before exocytosed through the basal side.

Answer 1

Within absorptive columnar cells re-synthesized triglycerides are incorporated into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, termed chylomicrons before exocytosed through the basal side.

Once consumed, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed into free fatty acids and monoglycerides in the small intestine prior to absorption. Once these compounds enter the intestinal cell, they are used to resynthesize triacylglycerol.

This lipid is then incorporated into nascent triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles, termed chylomicrons, for subsequent introduction into peripheral circulation.

Chylomicrons are secreted directly into the lymph before entering the blood stream. Once in circulation, triacylglycerol is hydrolyzed before crossing the plasma membrane of peripheral cells.

The primary enzyme that hydrolyzes triacylglycerol in plasma is lipoprotein lipase.

Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerol into free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol. The enzyme is attached to the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells via a highly charged membrane-bound chain of heparin sulfate-proteoglycans.

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