Answer:
Explanation:
Consider a portfolio consisting of: shares1option−+(Note: The delta, , of a put option is negative. We have constructed the portfolio so that it is +1 option and −shares rather than 1−option and +shares so that the initial investment is positive.) The value of the portfolio is either 355−+or 45−. If: 35545−+= −i.e., 0 5 = − the value of the portfolio is certain to be 22.5. For this value of the portfolio is therefore riskless. The current value of the portfolio is 40f− +where fis the value of the option. Since the portfolio must earn the risk-free rate of interest (400 5) 1 0222 5f + =Hence 2 06f=i.e., the value of the option is $2.06. This can also be calculated using risk-neutral valuation. Suppose that pis the probability of an upward stock price movement in a risk-neutral world. We must have 4535(1)40 1 02pp+−= i.e., 105 8p=or: 0 58p=The expected value of the option in a risk-neutral world is: 00 5850 422 10 + =This has a present value of 2 102 061 02=This is consistent with the no-arbitrage answer.
Here are the answers of the given questions above.
1. The correct answer would be option A. Input control. <span>A validation check used to determine if a quantity ordered field contains only numbers is an example of an input control.
2. The correct answer would be the option A. Batch control totals. Batch control totals </span><span>would assist in detecting an error when the data input clerk records a sales invoice as $12.99 when the actual amount is $122.99.
Hope these answers help.</span>
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
<u>To calculate the break-even point in units, we need to use the following formula:</u>
Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit
Break-even point in units= 162,000 / (90 - 36)
Break-even point in units= 3,000
<u>The break-even point in units is the number of units required to cover for the fixed costs.</u> At this point, the net income is zero. When cost increase, there are necessary more units to break even.
Fixed cost increase= break-even point in units increases
Unitary variable cost increase= contribution margin decreases. Break-even point in units increases
Selling price increase= break-even point in units decreases.