Question options:
reactivity
selection bias
external validity
the reliability of the measurement
Answer:
the reliability of the measurement
Explanation:
Good Observations are more reliable and valid. Professor Ibrahim's refinement to define rating scales and be sure observers(seeing how they disagree on their observations and how this could affect research) are following this ensures judgement based on data collected from these individuals(observers) are more reliable, which will ensure construct validity.
I assume that you mean in the US?
The process is different for every country and then it's also different depending on your original passport.
In the US you need one of the below: (and then fulfill more detailed requirements)
- 5 years of residence
-3 years of residence if your spouse is an US citizen
-serve in the Military (further conditions apply)
- have a parent who is a citizen
Cases of corrections towards offenders are shown on TV could be segmented into two groups:
- First-time offenders, whose cases are of great interest for the public or have caused a great stir in society.
- Repeat offenders, who are previously exposed criminals, whose actions are recurrent and worthy of showing as a way to express the failure of the correctional system to generate a positive influence towards these individuals.
The ratio of TV expositions of repeat offenders vs first-time offenders is considerably higher. Reaching levels that could easily exceed the 3 to 1 ratio. This is the case because these cases seem to be more propense to gain attention from the public, and as a consequence, tune into the TV program.