The resting membrane potential is primarily due to the differences in concentrations of potassium ions.
The high concentration of potassium ions in the intracellular fluid and the high permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions in comparison to other ions are the main causes of the resting potential.
The potential across a certain cell membrane at rest is known as the resting membrane potential. It is largely determined by the potassium concentration gradient across the cell membrane or the ratio of ICF to ECF potassium in neuromuscular tissues (such as neurons, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle).
The passage of potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride across the membrane causes variations in its permeability, which in turn affects the resting membrane potential (RMP). The differential in potentials between intracellular and extracellular areas, is acquired by the membrane once it has become polarised.
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