B: Oxymoron is the answer.
This can be looked at in two ways. It can be looked at as an answer, "Where is the tree." "Over the Cracks in the sidewalks", or it can be looked at as a sentence standing alone which is what I believe is happening.
It is A.) Sentance fragment
Let us examine what these acts of worship are.
Testimony (Shahadah) ...
Formal Prayer (Salah) ...
Charity (Zakah) ...
Fasting (Saum) ...
Pilgrimage (Hajj)
A single color, since mono means one or single.
The correct answer is the first option.
The sentence that presents the correct subject-verb agreement is the first one since in it we are talking about "heavy rains" OR "fast-melting snow". In other words, the subject is coordinated by the conjunction "OR" which makes the subject singular. The verb "causes" is conjugated in the third person singular.