It is characterized by resistance to airflow.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an aberrant inflammatory response in the lungs and a poorly reversible airflow restriction. The latter describes the immune system's innate and adaptive reactions to repeated exposure to toxic substances, including cigarette smoke.
All cigarette smokers experience some pulmonary inflammation, however individuals who develop COPD react to harmful chemicals abnormally or more strongly than other smokers do.
This heightened reaction may cause tissue damage (emphysema), mucous hypersecretion (chronic bronchitis), and disruption of natural repair and defense systems, leading to inflammation and fibrosis in the small airways (bronchiolitis).
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