Question

Please help! Im not sure if it’s primary or secondary because there was ground flora at year 0.

Answer 1

This seems like secondary succession because When a climax community or an intermediate community is affected by a disturbance, secondary succession occurs. The succession cycle is restarted, but not to the start because the soil and nutrients are still there.

The process of natural communities gradually replacing (or "succeeding") one another is known as ecological succession. For instance, if an old farm field is abandoned and left unattended for a long period of time, it eventually transforms into a forest as trees entirely occupy the land. Every plant community fosters the circumstances necessary for other plant communities to flourish. While later colonizers like shrubs and trees may provide cover and shade, early colonizers like grasses may enrich the soil with nutrients. When a "climax" community develops, succession temporarily halts; these communities maintain a state of relative balance until a disruption triggers the succession process to resume. Similarly, here we see that the land is abandoned and all the plant species community retained its survival and attained a stage of climax community. There is no new plant community appeared here. So, it's secondary succession.

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