Question

when an electron in an atom gains sufficient energy it can move to a higher energy level (further away from the nucleus). this is called an excited state. write an electron configuration for an excited state of sodium in which one of the 2p electrons jumps up to the 3p orbital.

Answer 1

The electron configuration of sodium in excited state is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3p^{1}$

Atomic number of sodium is $11$ i.e. it contains $11$ electrons.

The electron configuration of sodium in ground state is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}1s^{1}$

When sodium is in excited state the valance electron of $3s$ subshell jumps to $3p$ subshell on gaining energy.

The condition of sodium is very unstable and thus the outermost electron in $3p$ subshell will release energy and return back to its original orbital (that is $3s$).

This will release equal energy which it absorbed to jump to $3p$ subshell producing yellow light.

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