Ionic bonding involves electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged ions, and can significantly enhance the binding strength of biomolecules immobilized to materials.
A chemical link known as an ionic bond occurs when an electron is transferred from one atom to another. Ionic bonding requires the presence of an electron acceptor and an electron donor, which is frequently a metal (often a nonmetal). Electrovalence is the process of moving electrons. A positive ion, also known as a cation, is created when an atom loses one or more electrons. The other atom that picks up one or more electrons will change into a negative ion known as an anion. The elemental name is modified by adding a -ide at the end to designate the ion that accepts the electron. For instance, the name of the anion of chlorine is chloride while the anion of sulfur is sulfide.
During respiration food molecules are broken down to release energy. During this process oxygen is required and not formed but Carbondioxide and water is liberated as byproduct. So the closest answers are Carbondioxide and water
Helper T cells are activated by peptide antigens by MHC class II molecules. These antigens express on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). After activation, the T helper cells divide and secrete cytokines to assist the immune response.
