If we can come up with a counterexample, namely a scenario in which all the premises are true but the conclusion is false, then the argument is <u>not valid.</u>
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A counterexample is an exception to a generalization. In logic, a counterexample disproves the generalization and does so rigorously within the fields of arithmetic and philosophy. A counterexample disproves a statement by giving a situation where the declaration is fake; in proof by contradiction, you prove an assertion by assuming its negation and obtaining a contradiction.
A counterexample to the statement "all top numbers are unusual numbers" is the number 2, as it is a prime number but is not an odd number. Neither of the numbers 7 or 10 is a counterexample, as neither of them is enough to contradict the statement.
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