Question

whether it's cheering, clapping, or rope pulling, people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than they do when performing the same task alone, a phenomenon called

Answer 1

The phenomenon of social loafing is when people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than they do when performing the same task alone.

According to social psychology, social loafing is the tendency for an individual to put in less effort when working in a group than when working alone to accomplish a task. It is seen as one of the primary causes of groups occasionally being less productive than the sum of their members' individual efforts. Rope pulling tests by Ringelmann, who discovered that persons alone tended to expend more effort while pulling a rope, served as the basis for early research on social loafing. Studies using contemporary technology, such as online and dispersed groups, have also clearly demonstrated social loafing in more recent study.

Learn more about social loafing here:

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