The completed sentence with the correct answer is; How does the first sentence in the paragraph help to introduce the main idea. The correct answer is B.
Answer:
<u>Option-</u> "Proteins and Nucleic acid."
- In animals, nitrogenous wastes are produced mostly from the catabolism(break down of macro molecules into simpler ones) of <u>Protein molecules. </u>
Explanation:
- <u> Proteins and nucleic acids:</u>
Most of the organisms ingest different types of materials. And some of them are proteins which are composed up of different amino acids, as the proteins are important in many ways, they help in cells reproduction and growth etc.
And the nucleic acids are important polymers, which are required for carrying the operation of genetic material from one cell or being to another.Or it may occur simply from one generation to another in the form of RNA and DNA.
<u>Why they are broken down?</u>
Both the polymers consists the Nitrogen atom as the main constituent in there molecular structure, so that is why the break down of these materials results in the form of nitrogenous materials.
- When proteins level exceeds from a certain level they need to be controlled and thus required the excessive materials to be excreted from the body. There are different forms or levels of the nitrogenous waste products which are excreted from an animal body. As there levels of organisms excrete them in different forms,which are as below:
- <u>Beings living on land and Marine Fish:</u> The nitrogenous waste is excreted mostly in the form of urea or uric acid, but mostly in the urea which is just because they have an optimum level of water as the solvent.Along with that the marine fish can also excretes the nitrogenous waste in the form of trimethylamine oxide.
- <u>Ave's(Birds):</u>Birds have a less availability of water in there body which makes them to excrete the nitrogenous waste product in the form of uric acids.
- <u>Freshwater Fish:</u> They excrete the amount of nitrogenous waste from the body in form of ammonia, as they have an abundance of water as solvent. While, there is an abundance of water in the environment, which they are able to dissolve the amount of nitrogenous waste products present inside the body and excrete it in the form of ammonia. Which is less toxic form of the nitrogenous waste materials.
Answer:
Explanation:
a)Organ transplantation requires that the donor organism and recipient be genetically close so that the graft or transplant will not be attacked by the immune system of the recipient leading to rejection and damage. Squeaky is likely to be made up of a different genetic configuration compared to laboratory inbred FG426 mouse
b) ips (induced pluripotent stem cell) on the other hand can benefit squeaky since the cells are somatic cells such as B cells, Keratinocytes, neuronal progenitors cells, kidney and muscles gotten from the donor that are reprogrammed by reactivating silent genes through fusing of another different cell such as ES (embryonic stem cell) and introduction of some transcriptional factors such oct4, sox2,kf4, and k-myc leading to transcriptional activity and DNA methylation. This induced pluripotent stem cells can be grown into organ that can be transplanted to the recipient who was initially the donor of the reprogrammed somatic cells. Because it is from the host, the transplanted organ is not likely to trigger immune response compare to those grown from ES from other bred.
