Oxygen and glucose are transformed into water and carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. By-products of the process include carbon dioxide, water, and ATP, which is turned into energy.
ATP and H2O are the last byproducts of cellular respiration. Two pyruvate molecules, four ATPs (a net of two ATP), two NADH, and two H2O are produced during glycolysis. Therefore, glycolysis is the only process that may take place in the absence of oxygen, and only two ATP molecules may be created for each glucose molecule.
Pyruvate oxidation generates one acetyl-CoA, one NADH, and one carbon dioxide molecule for every pyruvate molecule when oxygen is present. The TCA cycle then produces four NADH, one FADH2, two CO2, and one GTP (a substance rich in energy similar to ATP used especially in settings with lower pH levels).
The electron transport chain can then utilize NADH and FADH2 as part of oxidative phosphorylation to produce more ATP. Finally, 28–30 ATP and 28–30 H2O are produced per gram of glucose through oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. As a result, 30-32 ATP are produced per molecule of glucose as a result of the entire process of cellular respiration.
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