Answer:
Tongue clicking is A. conditioned stimulus.
Explanation:
When it comes to classical conditioning, we can define a conditioned stimulus as a neutral stimulus that has become associated with an unconditioned stimulus and, eventually, begins to trigger a conditioned response. Tongue clicking was neutral; it did not cause any reaction in Francis. However, tongue clicking became associated with tickling. Tickling does cause Francis to squirm and giggle. Later, even if tickling is not happening, just the tongue clicking is enough to trigger the conditioned response of squirming and giggling. Therefore, tongue clicking is the conditioned stimulus.
Answer:
D. Microeconomics is concerned with the fair and equitable distribution of resources among consumers.
Explanation:
Microeconomics is concerned with the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in the market, it studies the behaviour of individuals and firms regarding decisions of how scarce resources are allocated. It is not concerned with the fair and equitable distribution of resources among consumers.
Other things held constant, if the expected inflation rate DECREASES, and investors also become MORE risk averse, the Security Market Line would shift in<u> have a steeper slope </u>manner.
<h3>What is the Security Market Line (SML)?</h3>
The security market line (SML) is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It gives the market’s expected return at different levels of systematic or market risk. It is also called the ‘characteristic line’ where the x-axis represents the asset’s beta or risk, and the y-axis represents the expected return.
<u>Security Market Line Equation</u>
The Equation is as follows:
SML: E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(RM) – Rf]
In the above security market line formula:
- E(Ri) is the expected return on the security.
- Rf is the risk-free rate and represents the y-intercept of the SML.
- βi is a non-diversifiable or systematic risk. It is the most crucial factor in SML. We will discuss this in detail in this article.
- E(RM) is expected to return on market portfolio M.
- E(RM) – Rf is known as Market Risk Premium.
<u>Characteristics of the Security Market Line (SML) are as below:</u>
- SML is a good representation of investment opportunity cost, which combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.
- Zero-beta security or zero-beta portfolio has an expected return on the portfolio, which is equal to the risk-free rate.
- The slope of the Security Market Line is determined by the market risk premium, which is: (E(RM) – Rf). Higher the market risk premium steeper the slope and vice-versa
- All the assets which are correctly priced are represented on SML.
- The assets above the SML are undervalued as they give a higher expected return for a given amount of risk.
- The assets below the SML are overvalued as they have lower expected returns for the same amount of risk.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.
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<u>Schema </u>is the mental structure that aids in the processing and interpretation of information.
Schema is a cognitive tool. It is the mental structure that individuals use for processing and interpretation of information. This guides cognitive processes and accompanying actions.
Through the schemata, people categorize things and situations around them based on some common features and elements, using these classifications then to understand and predict their world.
Sensory and conceptual information is processed, classed, and stored within these mental structures. This cognitive faculty helps one to function in the world by helping us understand things and events, and make conclusions and predictions about different circumstances.
Schemata includes the worldview, stereotypes, and rubrics one has.
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Answer:
Nepal is called mountainous country because it is situated near the Himalayan range which varies from North India, Nepal and South China.
