Terrestrial plants (embryonic plants) are a small group of freshwater algae ranging from scaly unicellular flagellates (mesostigma) to complex filamentous thallus with branching, cellular differentiation, and apical growth (charales), streptococcal green algae.
Evolved from Streptococci and embryonic algae make up the Streptococcus division, while the rest of the green algae are classified as green algae. Charales (rockworms) are often considered sisters to terrestrial plants, suggesting a gradual evolution to cellular complexity within streptococcal green algae. Many cells (e.g. phragmoplasts, plasmodesmata, hexameric cellulose synthase, flagellar cell structures, oocyte reproduction with zygote retention) and physiological properties (e.g. photorespiratory mode, phytochrome system) are linked Derived from cocci algae. Phylogenetic studies show that as sisters to all other streptococci, including embryonic plants, Mesostigma (flagellates) and Chlorocybus (sartinoids) form the earliest divergence within streptococci . The question of whether Charales, Coleochaetales, or Zygnematoles are sisters to embryonic plants is still (or again) hotly debated. A project has been initiated to investigate genome evolution within streptococci, including protein families and polyadenylation signals. Consistent with morphological and physiological traits, many molecular traits thought to be specific to embryonic plants may have arose before the chlorophyte/streptococcal division or were derived from streptococcal algae. shown.
Molecular phylogeny and the fossil record allow for detailed reconstructions of the early evolutionary events that gave rise to true land plants and shaped the present-day diversity and ecology of the interlaced green algae and their progeny plants.
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