Two large armies met in the southern Pennsylvanian town of Gettysburg in the early days of July 1863. The engagement, which started as a skirmish between Union cavalry and Confederate troops searching for supplies, turned into one of the Civil War's bloodiest conflicts.
The final Union triumph at Gettysburg would significantly improve North morale and put a stop to Confederate General Robert E. Lee's audacious plan to invade the North. The fight, which is frequently cited as a crucial turning point in the conflict, would gain even more significance later that year when President Abraham Lincoln visited Gettysburg to dedicate the cemetery on the battlefield.
The cavalry regiments were scouting ahead to learn more about the enemy position even while the majority of the Army of the Potomac was still in Maryland, following Lincoln's instructions to remain in Maryland to maintain a buffer between Washington and the rebel army. The Confederate soldiers originally withdrew to Cashtown, but on July 1 they made the decision to return to Gettysburg and acquire the supplies they required, even if it meant confronting the Union troop.
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